System of national at-large voting for the Congressional upper house
The Senate, when it existed, met at the Old Legislative Building from 1918 to 1941, from 1949 to 1973, and from 1987 to 1997.
Elections to the Senate of the Philippines are done via plurality-at-large voting ; a voter can vote for up to twelve candidates, with the twelve candidates with the highest number of votes being elected. The 24-member Senate uses staggered elections , with only one-half of its members up for election at any given time, except for special elections, which are always held concurrently with regularly scheduled elections.[1]
Manner of choosing candidates [ edit ]
With the advent of the nominal multi-party system In 1987, political parties have not been able to muster enough candidates to fill their 12-person slate . This means they have to join coalitions or alliances in order to present a full slate. If a slate is still not complete, "guest candidates" may be invited, even from rival slates. A guest candidate may not be compelled to join the campaign rallies of the slate that invited him/her. A party may even not include their entire ticket to a coalition slate, or assign their candidates to competing slates. A candidate may defect from one slate to another or be unaffiliated with any slate while the campaign is ongoing. The Commission on Elections uses the names of the political parties on the ballot.
Once elected, the parties involved in the different slates may form alliances with one another totally different from the alliances prior to the election.
In Third Republic elections under the nominal two-party system, the Liberal Party and the Nacionalista Party often presented complete 8-person tickets; a party may even exceed the 8-person slate due to perceived popularity. The first instance of having guest candidates was in 1955 , when the opposition Liberals adopted Claro M. Recto of the Nacionalista Party, who had also opposed the presidency of Ramon Magsaysay . Parties having guest candidates was seen as a weakness of finding candidates within their ranks.[2]
Manner of election [ edit ]
1916 to 1935 [ edit ]
Map of the senatorial districts.
From 1916 to 1934, the country was divided into 12 senatorial districts . Eleven of these districts elected two senators each. In 1916 , each district elected two senators (plurality-at-large): one was to serve a six-year term, the other a three-year term. On each election thereafter, one seat per district was up (first past the post ). The senators from the 12th district were appointed by the American governor-general for no fixed term.[3]
In 1935, the electorate approved in a plebiscite a new constitution that abolished the Senate and instituted a unicameral National Assembly of the Philippines . The members of the Constitutional Convention originally wanted bicameralism but could not agree on how the senators shall be elected: via the senatorial districts or being nationally elected.[4]
1941 to 1949 [ edit ]
The electorate in 1940 approved in a plebiscite amendments to the constitution that restored the bicameral Congress of the Philippines , including the Senate. Elections for the Senate were held on every second Monday of November of every odd-numbered year; however, the old senatorial districts were not used anymore; instead, the 24-member Senate was to be elected on a nationwide at-large basis.[4] As the first election in the new setup, the voters in the 1941 election voted for 24 senators. However, they were also given the option of writing the party's name on the ballot, wherein all of the candidates of the party would receive votes. With the 24 candidates with the most votes winning in the election, the ruling Nacionalista Party won all 24 seats in a landslide victory . The winners included Rafael Martinez, who replaced Norberto Romualdez , who died the day before the election; Martinez won because of voters who had selected the party, rather than specifying a particular candidate.[5]
Due to World War II, Congress was not able to convene until June 1945. President Sergio Osmeña called for special sessions to convene the 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines until elections could be organized. Originally, to observe the staggered terms, the eight candidates with the most votes were to serve for eight years, the next eight for four years, and still the next eight for two years. However, several members had died and others were disqualified because they were charged with collaboration with the Japanese, so the Senate conducted a lottery to determine which senators would serve until 1946 and which would serve until 1947.[6] In the 1946 election , voters elected 16 senators; the first eight candidates with the highest number of votes were to serve until 1951, the next eight were to serve until 1949.[3]
1951 to 1971 [ edit ]
The Senate chamber at the Old Congress building: Cipriano P. Primicias, Sr. , far left, debates Quintín Paredes , far right. In the center are, from left to right, Justiniano Montano , Mariano Jesús Cuenco , Enrique B. Magalona , and Francisco Delgado . In the foreground is Edmundo Cea.
Electoral reform enacted in 1951 eliminated block voting, which had given voters the option of writing the party's name on the ballot. In a 1951 election, voters voted for eight senators for the first time and each voter had to write at most eight names for senator (writing the party's name would result in a spoiled vote). Noting that after the elimination of block voting, many people voted for a split ticket, political scientist David Wurfel has remarked that "The electoral reform of 1951 was thus one of the most important institutional changes in the postwar Philippines, making the life of the opposition easier."[5]
On September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law and assumed legislative powers. In a 1973 plebiscite , the electorate approved a new constitution that abolished Congress and replaced it with a unicameral National Assembly, which would ultimately be the Batasang Pambansa (parliament).[3]
1987 to present [ edit ]
The GSIS building: The Senate session hall.
Marcos was overthrown as a result of the 1986 People Power Revolution . The new president, Corazon Aquino , appointed a Constitutional Commission to write a new constitution. The electorate approved the constitution in 1987 , restoring the bicameral Congress. Instead of electing 8 senators every two years, the new constitution provided that 12 senators would be elected every three years. As part of the transitory provisions, the voters elected 24 senators in the 1987 election , to serve until 1992. In the 1992 election , the voters still voted for 24 candidates, but the first 12 candidates with the most votes were to serve until 1998, while the next 12 were to serve only until 1995. Thereafter, 12 candidates are elected every second Monday of May every third year since 1995.[7]
Summary [ edit ]
^ Out of the 24 senators-elect, the first eight candidates with the highest number of votes will serve for six years, the next eight for four years, and the next eight for two years. However, this was not followed due to the intervention of World War II. The senators in 1945 drew lots on who would be serving until 1946, and until 1947.
^ Out of the 16 senators-elect, the first eight candidates with the highest number of votes will serve for six years, and the next eight for four years.
^ A special election for the seat vacated by Fernando Lopez who was elected vice president in 1949 was held.
^ A special election for the seat vacated by Carlos P. Garcia who was elected vice president in 1953 was held.
^ Out of the 24 senators-elect, the first twelve candidates with the highest number of votes will serve for six years, and the next twelve for three years.
^ Teofisto Guingona, Jr. was appointed vice president on 2001; the thirteenth-placed candidate in the election will serve for Guingona's unexpired term of three years.[8]
List of results [ edit ]
Senatorial districts era [ edit ]
At-large era [ edit ]
In this table, the "administration" ticket is the ticket supported by the sitting president. In 1992, Corazon Aquino who was nominally supporting the LDP, supported the presidential candidacy of Fidel V. Ramos of Lakas, making the "administration ticket" ambiguous.
Election
Seats won (Party/coalition totals)[9]
Administration ticket
Primary opposition ticket
Others
1941
24 Nacionalistas
1946
7 Nacionalistas
8 Nacionalistas (Liberal wing)
1 Popular Front
1947
6 Liberals
2 Nacionalistas
1949
8 Liberals
1951
0 Liberals
9 Nacionalistas
1953
0 Liberals
5 Nacionalistas
2 Democrats 1 Citizens'
1955
9 Nacionalistas
0 Liberals
1957
6 Nacionalistas
2 Liberals
1959
5 Nacionalistas
2 Liberals
1 NCP
1961
2 Nacionalistas
4 Liberals
2 Progressives
1963
4 Liberals
4 Nacionalistas
1965
2 Liberals
5 Nacionalistas
1 NCP
1967
6 Nacionalistas
1 Liberal
1 Independent
1969
6 Nacionalistas
2 Liberals
1971
2 Nacionalistas
6 Liberals
1987
22 LABAN
2 GAD
1992
16 LDP
5 NPC
2 Lakas 1 Liberal/PDP-Laban
1995
9 Lakas-Laban
3 NPC
1998
5 Lakas
7 LAMMP
2001
8 PPC
4 Puwersa ng Masa
1 Independent
2004
7 K-4
5 KNP
2007
2 Team Unity
8 GO
2 Independents
2010
2 Lakas-Kampi
3 Liberals
2 Nacionalistas 2 PMP 1 PRP 1 NPC 1 Independent
2013
9 Team PNoy
3 UNA
2016
7 KDM
4 PGP
1 UNA
2019
9 HNP
0 Otso Diretso
1 Independent 1 NPC 1 UNA
2022
1 TNP
1 TRoPa
4 UniTeam 4 shared candidates 1 Lacson–Sotto slate 1 Independent
Top-notcher [ edit ]
Since the at-large era, a high-scoring winner can be seen as a strong contender for a future presidential or vice-presidential bid.[1]
Senate composition [ edit ]
These are at the start of each Congress. A senator may change parties or leave office mid-term.
Latest elections [ edit ]
Candidate Party or alliance Votes % Robin Padilla Tuloy ang Pagbabago [a] PDP–Laban 26,612,434 47.91 Loren Legarda Lacson–Sotto slate [a] [b] [c] Nationalist People's Coalition 24,264,969 43.68 Raffy Tulfo Independent [b] [d] 23,396,954 42.12 Win Gatchalian UniTeam Alliance Nationalist People's Coalition 20,602,655 37.09 Francis Escudero Lacson–Sotto slate [b] [e] Nationalist People's Coalition 20,271,458 36.49 Mark Villar UniTeam Alliance [c] Nacionalista Party 19,475,592 35.06 Alan Peter Cayetano Independent 19,295,314 34.74 Migz Zubiri UniTeam Alliance [c] Independent 18,734,336 33.73 Joel Villanueva Independent [b] [d] [e] 18,486,034 33.28 JV Ejercito Lacson–Sotto slate [b] [f] Nationalist People's Coalition 15,841,858 28.52 Risa Hontiveros Team Robredo–Pangilinan [g] Akbayan 15,420,807 27.76 Jinggoy Estrada UniTeam Alliance [c] Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 15,108,625 27.20 Jejomar Binay United Nationalist Alliance [b] [d] [e] 13,263,970 23.88 Herbert Bautista UniTeam Alliance Nationalist People's Coalition 13,104,710 23.59 Gilbert Teodoro UniTeam Alliance [c] People's Reform Party 12,788,479 23.02 Guillermo Eleazar Lacson–Sotto slate Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 11,305,322 20.35 Harry Roque UniTeam Alliance [c] People's Reform Party 11,246,206 20.25 Gregorio Honasan Independent [a] [d] 10,643,491 19.16 Chel Diokno Team Robredo–Pangilinan [g] Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino 9,978,444 17.96 Larry Gadon UniTeam Alliance Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 9,691,607 17.45 Antonio Trillanes Team Robredo–Pangilinan Liberal Party 8,630,272 15.54 Dick Gordon Bagumbayan–VNP [b] [d] [e] 8,377,893 15.08 Leila de Lima Team Robredo–Pangilinan [g] Liberal Party 7,278,602 13.10 Neri Colmenares Makabayan [b] [g] 6,098,782 10.98 Alex Lacson Team Robredo–Pangilinan Ang Kapatiran 5,477,088 9.86 Salvador Panelo Tuloy ang Pagbabago PDP–Laban 4,887,066 8.80 Francis Leo Marcos Independent 4,538,857 8.17 Teddy Baguilat Team Robredo–Pangilinan [g] Liberal Party 4,275,873 7.70 Monsour del Rosario Lacson–Sotto slate Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 3,810,096 6.86 Carl Balita Aksyon Demokratiko 3,730,164 6.71 Rodante Marcoleta [h] Tuloy ang Pagbabago [a] PDP–Laban 3,591,899 6.47 Emmanuel Piñol Lacson–Sotto slate Nationalist People's Coalition 3,544,283 6.38 Minguita Padilla Lacson–Sotto slate Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 3,541,038 6.37 Luke Espiritu Laban ng Masa Partido Lakas ng Masa 3,470,550 6.25 Astra Pimentel-Naik Tuloy ang Pagbabago PDP–Laban 2,975,908 5.36 Sonny Matula Team Robredo–Pangilinan [g] Independent 2,692,565 4.85 Greco Belgica Tuloy ang Pagbabago Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan 2,349,040 4.23 Jopet Sison Aksyon Demokratiko 2,218,095 3.99 Samira Gutoc Aksyon Demokratiko [g] 1,834,705 3.30 Carmen Zubiaga Independent 1,763,898 3.18 Silvestre Bello Jr. PDP–Laban 1,738,387 3.13 Elmer Labog Makabayan [b] [g] 1,578,385 2.84 Rey Langit Tuloy ang Pagbabago PDP–Laban 1,364,548 2.46 Melchor Chavez Labor Party Philippines 953,241 1.72 Abner Afuang Independent 901,196 1.62 Roy Cabonegro Laban ng Masa Partido Lakas ng Masa 880,919 1.59 Ibrahim Albani Labor Party Philippines 792,117 1.43 Lutgardo Barbo MP3 Alliance PDP–Laban 749,472 1.35 John Castriciones Tuloy ang Pagbabago [f] PDP–Laban 712,852 1.28 David d'Angelo Laban ng Masa Partido Lakas ng Masa 693,932 1.25 Agnes Bailen Independent 670,678 1.21 Nur-Mahal Kiram Independent 585,337 1.05 Nur-Ana Sahidulla Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan 572,645 1.03 Leo Olarte Bigkis Pinoy 567,649 1.02 Ariel Lim Independent 560,660 1.01 Fernando Diaz Partido Pilipino sa Pagbabago 557,522 1.00 Jesus Arranza Independent 526,705 0.95 Willie Ricablanca Jr. Partido Maharlika 490,712 0.88 RJ Javellana Independent 471,999 0.85 Marieta Mindalano-Adam Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi 446,295 0.80 Ernie Ereño Partido Maharlika 408,366 0.74 Baldomero Falcone Democratic Party of the Philippines 396,527 0.71 Emily Mallillin Partido Pederal ng Maharlika 390,134 0.70 Rey Valeros Independent 353,730 0.64 Total 431,983,947 100.00 Total votes 55,549,791 – Registered voters/turnout 66,839,976 83.11 Source: COMELEC
Candidate Party or alliance Votes % Cynthia Villar Hugpong ng Pagbabago Nacionalista Party 25,283,727 53.46 Grace Poe Independent 22,029,788 46.58 Bong Go Hugpong ng Pagbabago PDP–Laban 20,657,702 43.68 Pia Cayetano Hugpong ng Pagbabago Nacionalista Party 19,789,019 41.84 Ronald dela Rosa Hugpong ng Pagbabago PDP–Laban 19,004,225 40.18 Sonny Angara Hugpong ng Pagbabago Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 18,161,862 38.40 Lito Lapid Nationalist People's Coalition 16,965,464 35.87 Imee Marcos Hugpong ng Pagbabago Nacionalista Party 15,882,628 33.58 Francis Tolentino Hugpong ng Pagbabago PDP–Laban 15,510,026 32.79 Koko Pimentel Hugpong ng Pagbabago PDP–Laban 14,668,665 31.01 Bong Revilla Hugpong ng Pagbabago Lakas–CMD 14,624,445 30.92 Nancy Binay United Nationalist Alliance 14,504,936 30.67 JV Ejercito Hugpong ng Pagbabago Nationalist People's Coalition 14,313,727 30.26 Bam Aquino Otso Diretso Liberal Party 14,144,923 29.91 Jinggoy Estrada Hugpong ng Pagbabago Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 11,359,305 24.02 Mar Roxas Otso Diretso Liberal Party 9,843,288 20.81 Serge Osmeña Independent 9,455,202 19.99 Willie Ong Lakas–CMD 7,616,265 16.10 Dong Mangudadatu Hugpong ng Pagbabago PDP–Laban 7,499,604 15.86 Jiggy Manicad Hugpong ng Pagbabago Independent 6,896,889 14.58 Chel Diokno Otso Diretso Liberal Party 6,342,939 13.41 Juan Ponce Enrile Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 5,319,298 11.25 Gary Alejano Otso Diretso Liberal Party 4,726,652 9.99 Neri Colmenares Labor Win Makabayan 4,683,942 9.90 Samira Gutoc Otso Diretso Liberal Party 4,345,252 9.19 Romulo Macalintal Otso Diretso Independent 4,007,339 8.47 Erin Tañada Otso Diretso Liberal Party 3,870,529 8.18 Larry Gadon Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 3,487,780 7.37 Florin Hilbay Otso Diretso Aksyon Demokratiko 2,757,879 5.83 Freddie Aguilar Independent 2,580,230 5.46 Glenn Chong Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino 2,534,335 5.36 Rafael Alunan III Bagumbayan–VNP 2,059,359 4.35 Faisal Mangondato Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 1,988,719 4.20 Agnes Escudero Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 1,545,985 3.27 Diosdado Padilla Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 1,095,337 2.32 Ernesto Arellano Labor Win Independent 937,713 1.98 Allan Montaño Labor Win Independent 923,419 1.95 Leody de Guzman Labor Win Partido Lakas ng Masa 893,506 1.89 Melchor Chavez Labor Party Philippines 764,473 1.62 Vanjie Abejo Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 656,006 1.39 Edmundo Casiño Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino 580,853 1.23 Abner Afuang Labor Party Philippines 559,001 1.18 Shariff Ibrahim Albani Labor Party Philippines 496,855 1.05 Dan Roleda United Nationalist Alliance 469,840 0.99 Conrado Generoso Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 449,785 0.95 Nur-Ana Sahidulla Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino 444,096 0.94 Abraham Jangao Independent 434,697 0.92 Marcelino Arias Labor Party Philippines 404,513 0.86 Richard Alfajora Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 404,513 0.86 Sonny Matula Labor Party Philippines /Labor Win400,339 0.85 Elmer Francisco Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 395,427 0.84 Joan Sheelah Nalliw Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 390,165 0.82 Gerald Arcega Labor Party Philippines 383,749 0.81 Butch Valdes Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino 367,851 0.78 Jesus Caceres Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 358,472 0.76 Bernard Austria Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas 347,013 0.73 Jonathan Baldevarona Independent 310,411 0.66 Emily Mallillin Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 304,215 0.64 Charlie Gaddi Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi Independent 286,361 0.61 RJ Javellana Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino 258,538 0.55 Junbert Guigayuma Labor Party Philippines 240,306 0.51 Luther Meniano Labor Party Philippines 159,774 0.34 Total 362,179,156 100.00 Total votes 47,296,442 – Registered voters/turnout 63,643,263 74.31 Source: COMELEC
Candidate Party or alliance Votes % Franklin Drilon Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid Liberal Party 18,607,391 41.37 Joel Villanueva Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid [a] Liberal Party 18,459,222 41.04 Tito Sotto Partido Galing at Puso [b] Nationalist People's Coalition 17,200,371 38.24 Panfilo Lacson Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid [b] Independent 16,926,152 37.63 Dick Gordon Partido Galing at Puso [b] Independent 16,719,322 37.17 Migz Zubiri Partido Galing at Puso [b] Independent 16,119,165 35.84 Manny Pacquiao United Nationalist Alliance [a] 16,050,546 35.68 Francis Pangilinan Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid Liberal Party 15,955,949 35.47 Risa Hontiveros Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid Akbayan 15,915,213 35.38 Win Gatchalian Partido Galing at Puso Nationalist People's Coalition 14,953,768 33.25 Ralph Recto Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid [a] [c] Liberal Party 14,271,868 31.73 Leila de Lima Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid Liberal Party 14,144,070 31.45 Francis Tolentino People's Reform Party Independent 12,811,098 28.48 Serge Osmeña Independent 12,670,615 28.17 Martin Romualdez People's Reform Party [b] Lakas–CMD 12,325,824 27.40 Isko Moreno Partido Galing at Puso [a] Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 11,126,944 24.74 TG Guingona Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid Liberal Party 10,331,157 22.97 Jericho Petilla Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid [a] Liberal Party 7,046,580 15.67 Mark Lapid Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid Aksyon Demokratiko 6,594,190 14.66 Neri Colmenares Partido Galing at Puso Makabayan 6,484,985 14.42 Edu Manzano Partido Galing at Puso Independent 5,269,539 11.72 Roman Romulo Partido Galing at Puso Independent 4,824,484 10.73 Susan Ople Partido Galing at Puso [a] [b] Nacionalista Party 2,775,191 6.17 Alma Moreno United Nationalist Alliance 2,432,224 5.41 Greco Belgica Independent 2,100,985 4.67 Rafael Alunan III Independent 2,032,362 4.52 Larry Gadon Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 1,971,327 4.38 Rey Langit United Nationalist Alliance 1,857,630 4.13 Lorna Kapunan Partido Galing at Puso Aksyon Demokratiko 1,838,978 4.09 Dionisio Santiago People's Reform Party Independent 1,828,305 4.06 Samuel Pagdilao Partido Galing at Puso Independent 1,755,949 3.90 Melchor Chavez Partido ng Manggagawa at Magsasaka 1,736,822 3.86 Getulio Napeñas United Nationalist Alliance 1,719,576 3.82 Ina Ambolodto Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid Liberal Party 1,696,558 3.77 Allan Montaño United Nationalist Alliance 1,605,073 3.57 Walden Bello Independent 1,091,194 2.43 Jacel Kiram United Nationalist Alliance 995,673 2.21 Shariff Ibrahim Albani Independent 905,610 2.01 Jovito Palparan Independent 855,297 1.90 Cresente Paez Independent 808,623 1.80 Sandra Cam Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 805,756 1.79 Dante Liban Independent 782,249 1.74 Ramon Montaño Independent 759,263 1.69 Aldin Ali Partido ng Manggagawa at Magsasaka 733,838 1.63 Romeo Maganto Lakas–CMD 731,021 1.63 Godofredo Arquiza Independent 680,550 1.51 Levito Baligod Independent 596,583 1.33 Diosdado Valeroso Independent 527,146 1.17 Ray Dorona Independent 495,191 1.10 Eid Kabalu Independent 379,846 0.84 Total 321,307,273 100.00 Total votes 44,979,151 – Registered voters/turnout 55,739,911 80.69 Source: COMELEC
Candidate Party or alliance Votes % Grace Poe Team PNoy [a] Independent 20,337,327 50.66 Loren Legarda Team PNoy [a] Nationalist People's Coalition 18,661,196 46.49 Alan Peter Cayetano Team PNoy Nacionalista Party 17,580,813 43.79 Francis Escudero Team PNoy [a] Independent 17,502,358 43.60 Nancy Binay United Nationalist Alliance 16,812,148 41.88 Sonny Angara Team PNoy Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 16,005,564 39.87 Bam Aquino Team PNoy Liberal Party 15,534,465 38.70 Koko Pimentel Team PNoy [a] PDP–Laban 14,725,114 36.68 Antonio Trillanes Team PNoy Nacionalista Party 14,127,722 35.19 Cynthia Villar Team PNoy [a] Nacionalista Party 13,822,854 34.43 JV Ejercito United Nationalist Alliance 13,684,736 34.09 Gregorio Honasan United Nationalist Alliance 13,211,424 32.91 Dick Gordon United Nationalist Alliance 12,501,991 31.14 Migz Zubiri United Nationalist Alliance 11,821,134 29.45 Jack Enrile United Nationalist Alliance Nationalist People's Coalition 11,543,024 28.75 Ramon Magsaysay Jr. Team PNoy Liberal Party 11,356,739 28.29 Risa Hontiveros Team PNoy Akbayan 10,944,843 27.26 Edward Hagedorn Independent 8,412,840 20.96 Eddie Villanueva Bangon Pilipinas 6,932,985 17.27 Jamby Madrigal Team PNoy Liberal Party 6,787,744 16.91 Mitos Magsaysay United Nationalist Alliance 5,620,429 14.00 Teodoro Casiño Makabayan 4,295,151 10.70 Ernesto Maceda United Nationalist Alliance 3,453,121 8.60 Tingting Cojuangco United Nationalist Alliance 3,152,939 7.85 Samson Alcantara Social Justice Society 1,240,104 3.09 John Carlos de los Reyes Ang Kapatiran 1,238,280 3.08 Greco Belgica Democratic Party of the Philippines 1,128,924 2.81 Ricardo Penson Independent 1,040,293 2.59 Ramon Montaño Independent 1,040,131 2.59 Rizalito David Ang Kapatiran 1,035,971 2.58 Christian Señeres Democratic Party of the Philippines 706,198 1.76 Marwil Llasos Ang Kapatiran 701,390 1.75 Baldomero Falcone Democratic Party of the Philippines 665,845 1.66 Total 297,625,797 100.00 Total votes 40,144,207 – Registered voters/turnout 52,982,173 75.77 Source: COMELEC
Candidate Party or alliance Votes % Bong Revilla Lakas Kampi CMD [a] [b] 19,513,521 51.15 Jinggoy Estrada Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 18,925,925 49.61 Miriam Defensor Santiago Nacionalista Party [a] People's Reform Party 17,344,742 45.47 Franklin Drilon Liberal Party 15,871,117 41.60 Juan Ponce Enrile Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 15,665,618 41.06 Pia Cayetano Nacionalista Party 13,679,511 35.86 Bongbong Marcos Nacionalista Party 13,169,634 34.52 Ralph Recto Liberal Party 12,436,960 32.60 Tito Sotto Nationalist People's Coalition 11,891,711 31.17 Serge Osmeña Liberal Party [a] Independent 11,656,668 30.56 Lito Lapid Lakas Kampi CMD 11,025,805 28.90 TG Guingona Liberal Party 10,277,352 26.94 Risa Hontiveros Liberal Party 9,106,112 23.87 Ruffy Biazon Liberal Party 8,626,514 22.61 Joey de Venecia Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 8,375,043 21.95 Gilbert Remulla Nacionalista Party 7,454,557 19.54 Danilo Lim Liberal Party [a] Independent 7,302,784 19.14 Sonia Roco Liberal Party 6,774,010 17.76 Ariel Querubin Nacionalista Party 6,547,925 17.16 Gwen Pimentel Nacionalista Party PDP–Laban 6,394,347 16.76 Nereus Acosta Liberal Party 5,921,111 15.52 Alex Lacson Liberal Party 5,242,594 13.74 Adel Tamano Nacionalista Party 4,059,748 10.64 Lito Osmeña PROMDI 3,980,370 10.43 Liza Maza Nacionalista Party Independent 3,855,800 10.11 Satur Ocampo Nacionalista Party Bayan Muna 3,539,345 9.28 Francisco Tatad Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino Grand Alliance for Democracy 3,331,083 8.73 Ramon Mitra III Nacionalista Party 2,744,090 7.19 Jun Lozada Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 2,730,279 7.16 Rey Langit Lakas Kampi CMD 2,694,213 7.06 Silvestre Bello III Lakas Kampi CMD 2,468,276 6.47 Yasmin Lao Liberal Party 2,081,895 5.46 Imelda Papin Bangon Pilipinas 1,972,667 5.17 Susan Ople Nacionalista Party 1,930,038 5.06 Martin Bautista Liberal Party 1,890,152 4.95 Rodolfo Plaza Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino Nationalist People's Coalition 1,517,905 3.98 JV Bautista Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 1,415,117 3.71 Ramon Naval Guico Lakas Kampi CMD 1,264,982 3.32 Raul Lambino Lakas Kampi CMD 1,156,294 3.03 Hector Villanueva Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 979,708 2.57 Ramoncito Ocampo Bangon Pilipinas 944,725 2.48 Kata Inocencio Bangon Pilipinas 888,771 2.33 Jovito Palparan Jr. Independent 825,208 2.16 Alex Tinsay Bangon Pilipinas 728,339 1.91 Zafrullah Alonto Bangon Pilipinas 712,628 1.87 Reginald Tamayo Ang Kapatiran 680,211 1.78 Nanette Espinosa Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 607,569 1.59 Regalado Maambong Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 545,967 1.43 Shariff Ibrahim Albani Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 508,558 1.33 Rizalito David Ang Kapatiran 504,259 1.32 Israel Virgines Bangon Pilipinas 455,332 1.19 Zosimo Paredes Bangon Pilipinas 437,439 1.15 Adrian Sison Ang Kapatiran 418,055 1.10 Reynaldo Princesa Independent 364,245 0.95 Jo Aurea Imbong Ang Kapatiran 362,457 0.95 Henry Adz Nikabulin Bangon Pilipinas 346,848 0.91 Henry Caunan PDP–Laban 240,676 0.63 Manuel Valdehuesa Jr. Ang Kapatiran 201,118 0.53 Hector Tarrazona Ang Kapatiran 168,386 0.44 Ma. Gracia Riñoza-Plazo Ang Kapatiran 151,755 0.40 Alma Lood Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 128,045 0.34 Total 297,036,114 100.00 Total votes 38,149,371 – Registered voters/turnout 51,317,073 74.34
Candidate Party or alliance Votes % Loren Legarda Genuine Opposition Nationalist People's Coalition 18,501,734 62.72 Francis Escudero Genuine Opposition Nationalist People's Coalition 18,265,307 61.92 Panfilo Lacson Genuine Opposition United Opposition 15,509,188 52.58 Manny Villar Genuine Opposition Nacionalista Party 15,338,412 52.00 Francis Pangilinan Liberal Party 14,534,678 49.27 Benigno Aquino III Genuine Opposition Liberal Party 14,309,349 48.51 Edgardo Angara TEAM Unity Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 12,657,769 42.91 Joker Arroyo TEAM Unity Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino 11,803,107 40.01 Alan Peter Cayetano Genuine Opposition Nacionalista Party 11,787,679 39.96 Gregorio Honasan Independent 11,605,531 39.34 Antonio Trillanes Genuine Opposition United Opposition 11,189,671 37.93 Migz Zubiri [a] TEAM Unity Lakas–CMD 11,005,866 37.31 Koko Pimentel [a] Genuine Opposition PDP–Laban 10,987,347 37.25 Ralph Recto TEAM Unity Lakas–CMD 10,721,252 36.34 Mike Defensor TEAM Unity Lakas–CMD 9,938,995 33.69 Prospero Pichay Jr. TEAM Unity Lakas–CMD 9,798,622 33.22 Sonia Roco Genuine Opposition Aksyon Demokratiko 8,457,748 28.67 Cesar Montano TEAM Unity Lakas–CMD 7,800,451 26.44 Tito Sotto TEAM Unity Nationalist People's Coalition 7,638,361 25.89 John Henry Osmeña Genuine Opposition United Opposition 7,267,048 24.64 Vicente Magsaysay TEAM Unity Lakas–CMD 6,357,905 21.55 Nikki Coseteng Genuine Opposition Independent 5,274,682 17.88 Tessie Aquino-Oreta TEAM Unity Nationalist People's Coalition 4,362,065 14.79 Chavit Singson TEAM Unity Lakas–CMD 4,353,644 14.76 Richard Gomez Independent 2,725,664 9.24 Jamalul Kiram III TEAM Unity Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas 2,488,994 8.44 Melchor Chavez Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 843,702 2.86 Martin Bautista Ang Kapatiran 761,165 2.58 Zosimo Paredes Ang Kapatiran 713,817 2.42 Joselito Pepito Cayetano Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 510,366 1.73 Adrian Sison Ang Kapatiran 402,331 1.36 Oliver Lozano Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 305,647 1.04 Antonio Estrella Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 285,488 0.97 Victor Wood Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 283,036 0.96 Felix Cantal Philippine Green Republican Party 123,608 0.42 Eduardo Orpilla Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 107,532 0.36 Ruben Enciso Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 100,523 0.34 Total 269,118,284 100.00 Total votes 29,498,660 – Registered voters/turnout 43,104,362 68.44 Source: COMELEC
References [ edit ]
^ a b John Gray Geer, ed. (2004). Public opinion and polling around the world: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1 . ABC-CLIO, Inc. p. 690. ISBN 1-57607-911-2 .
^ Quezon, Manuel L. III (May 11, 2013). "The Great Divide: The midterm election of 2013 (Part 1)" . Manuel L. Quezon III . Retrieved May 20, 2021 .
^ a b c "History of the Senate" . Official website of the Senate . Retrieved December 31, 2012 .
^ a b Quezon, Manuel III (June 15, 2009). "Reviewing the prewar plebiscites" . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on March 26, 2012. Retrieved January 14, 2011 .
^ a b Quezon, Manuel III (November 20, 2006). "Block voting" . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on March 26, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012 .
^ Quezon, Manuel III (April 10, 2008). "Senate the victim of a design flaw" . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on March 26, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2011 .
^ R., Lazo (2009). Philippine governance and the 1987 constitution . Rex Bookstore, Inc. ISBN 978-971-23-4546-3 .
^ Araneta, Sandy (July 24, 2001). "It's final: Honasan is No. 13" . The Philippine Star . Retrieved January 13, 2011 .
^ Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann, eds. (2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific . Oxford University Press . pp. 223 –224. ISBN 978-0-19-924959-6 .
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